Sierra de Peña Sagra

Location:Spain
Area:12,405 acres (5,020 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Cantabrian mixed forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 A
  
Share50 %30 %10 %10 %
Soil TypeHumic CambisolsDystric CambisolsUmbric LeptosolsLithic Leptosols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm30 cm10 cm
DrainageImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectly
Available Water Capacity15 m15 m15 mm0 mm
Phase 1GravellyGravellyGravellyGravelly
Phase 2LithicLithic  
Root Obstacle40 - 60 cm20 - 40 cm  
Impermeable LayerNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm  
Soil Water RegimeWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month  
Topsoil Properties
Gravel8 %10 %6 %21 %
Sand41 %42 %49 %42 %
Silt36 %38 %31 %34 %
Clay23 %20 %20 %24 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.39 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.1 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.1 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon2.72 %1.45 %2.4 %1.61 %
PH5.35.15.17.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity52 cmol kg⁻¹32 cmol kg⁻¹34 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity21 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation25 %38 %36 %100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases5.4 cmol kg⁻¹4.3 cmol kg⁻¹4.7 cmol kg⁻¹15.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %0 %3.9 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %2 %4 %3 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel6 %19 %  
Sand44 %45 %  
Silt32 %35 %  
Clay24 %20 %  
USDA TextureLoamLoam  
Reference Bulk Density1.39 g/cm³1.42 g/cm³  
Bulk Density1.16 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³  
Organic Carbon1.07 %0.5 %  
PH5.35.2  
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity37 cmol kg⁻¹35 cmol kg⁻¹  
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity14 cmol kg⁻¹9 cmol kg⁻¹  
Base Saturation30 %33 %  
Total Exchangeable Bases2.5 cmol kg⁻¹2.6 cmol kg⁻¹  
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %  
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %  
Exchangeable Sodium2 %2 %  
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1  
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263