World Species : Protected Area : SIERRA MORENA

SIERRA MORENA

Location:	Spain
Area:	331,883 acres (134,308 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A				B		C		D		E

Share	50 %	20 %	20 %	10 %	90 %	10 %	75 %	25 %	80 %	20 %	35 %	20 %	15 %	15 %	5 %	5 %
Soil Type	Lithic Leptosols	Eutric Cambisols	Chromic Luvisols	Lithic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Umbric Leptosols	Calcaric Cambisols	Chromic Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Regosols	Eutric Cambisols	Dystric Regosols	Lithic Leptosols	Haplic Luvisols	Haplic Acrisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse
Reference Depth	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	10 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	15 mm	50 m	150 m	15 mm	0 mm	15 mm	50 m	50 m	50 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	15 mm	150 m	50 m
Phase 1		Lithic			Stony	Stony	Petrocalcic	Petrocalcic	Gravelly
Root Obstacle		40 - 60 cm	None to 80 cm				20 - 40 cm	20 - 40 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	60 - 80 cm	40 - 60 cm		40 - 60 cm	20 - 40 cm
Impermeable Layer		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm				None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm					None to 150 cm	0 - 40 cm
Soil Water Regime		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month				Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	21 %	9 %	12 %	21 %	21 %	10 %	6 %	12 %	12 %	9 %	25 %	9 %	19 %	21 %	4 %	4 %
Sand	42 %	42 %	48 %	42 %	73 %	79 %	36 %	48 %	48 %	42 %	47 %	42 %	42 %	42 %	41 %	81 %
Silt	34 %	36 %	28 %	34 %	18 %	13 %	43 %	28 %	28 %	36 %	34 %	36 %	37 %	34 %	37 %	9 %
Clay	24 %	22 %	24 %	24 %	9 %	8 %	21 %	24 %	24 %	22 %	19 %	22 %	21 %	24 %	22 %	10 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.62 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.3 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.61 %	1 %	0.83 %	1.61 %	1.4 %	2.59 %	0.65 %	0.83 %	0.83 %	1 %	0.98 %	1 %	1.39 %	1.61 %	0.74 %	0.5 %
PH	7.5	6.6	6.3	7.5	7.5	4.7	8	6.3	6.3	6.6	6.4	6.6	5.1	7.5	6.5	5.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	42 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	85 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	93 %	88 %	100 %	86 %	86 %	100 %	88 %	88 %	93 %	78 %	93 %	24 %	100 %	91 %	72 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	7 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	0 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel		12 %	8 %				10 %	8 %	8 %	12 %	28 %	12 %	26 %		3 %	6 %
Sand		41 %	41 %				34 %	41 %	41 %	41 %	51 %	41 %	46 %		37 %	67 %
Silt		34 %	25 %				43 %	25 %	25 %	34 %	31 %	34 %	34 %		34 %	10 %
Clay		25 %	34 %				23 %	34 %	34 %	25 %	18 %	25 %	20 %		29 %	23 %
USDA Texture		Loam	Clay loam				Loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam		Clay loam	Sandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density		1.38 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³				1.38 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³		1.35 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³
Bulk Density		1.39 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³				1.45 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³		1.51 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³
Organic Carbon		0.37 %	0.4 %				0.43 %	0.4 %	0.4 %	0.37 %	0.4 %	0.37 %	0.6 %		0.36 %	0.3 %
PH		7	6.4				8.1	6.4	6.4	7	6.9	7	4.9		6.7	5.2
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity		55 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹				54 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	28 cmol kg⁻¹		50 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity		15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹				16 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹		14 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation		93 %	90 %				100 %	90 %	90 %	93 %	89 %	93 %	21 %		93 %	42 %
Total Exchangeable Bases		15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹				28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	1.8 cmol kg⁻¹		13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate		0.1 %	0 %				8.7 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %		0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate		0 %	0 %				0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium		2 %	1 %				1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %		1 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1				0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263