World Species : Protected Area : SIERRA ALHAMILLA

SIERRA ALHAMILLA

Location:	Spain
Area:	20,716 acres (8,384 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	BSk (Climate: arid; Precipitation: steppe; Temperature: cold arid)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A				B		C		D			E

Share	50 %	25 %	20 %	5 %	85 %	15 %	65 %	35 %	75 %	20 %	5 %	35 %	20 %	15 %	15 %	5 %	5 %
Soil Type	Haplic Calcisols	Lithic Leptosols	Rendzic Leptosols	Chromic Luvisols	Haplic Calcisols	Chromic Luvisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Chromic Luvisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Calcaric Regosols	Haplic Solonchaks	Eutric Regosols	Eutric Cambisols	Dystric Regosols	Lithic Leptosols	Haplic Luvisols	Haplic Acrisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Fine	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse
Reference Depth	100 cm	10 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	150 m	15 mm	50 mm	150 m	50 m	150 m	50 m	50 m	50 m	15 m	50 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	15 mm	150 m	50 m
Phase 1					Petrocalcic		Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly
Phase 2							Petrocalcic		Petrocalcic
Root Obstacle	40 - 60 cm			40 - 60 cm	20 - 40 cm	40 - 60 cm	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	20 - 40 cm	None to 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	60 - 80 cm	40 - 60 cm		40 - 60 cm	20 - 40 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm			None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm					None to 150 cm	0 - 40 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month			Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	7 %	21 %	16 %	12 %	7 %	12 %	6 %	12 %	5 %	48 %	4 %	25 %	9 %	19 %	21 %	4 %	4 %
Sand	41 %	42 %	37 %	48 %	41 %	48 %	36 %	48 %	19 %	22 %	19 %	47 %	42 %	42 %	42 %	41 %	81 %
Silt	38 %	34 %	44 %	28 %	38 %	28 %	43 %	28 %	32 %	36 %	29 %	34 %	36 %	37 %	34 %	37 %	9 %
Clay	21 %	24 %	19 %	24 %	21 %	24 %	21 %	24 %	49 %	42 %	52 %	19 %	22 %	21 %	24 %	22 %	10 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Clay	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.32 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.46 %	1.61 %	2.13 %	0.83 %	0.46 %	0.83 %	0.65 %	0.83 %	0.87 %	1.83 %	0.54 %	0.98 %	1 %	1.39 %	1.61 %	0.74 %	0.5 %
PH	8.1	7.5	7.5	6.3	8.1	6.3	8	6.3	7.8	7.6	8.9	6.4	6.6	5.1	7.5	6.5	5.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	59 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	59 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	57 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	100 %	88 %	100 %	88 %	100 %	88 %	100 %	62 %	100 %	78 %	93 %	24 %	100 %	91 %	72 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	46.6 cmol kg⁻¹	12.9 cmol kg⁻¹	46.5 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	12 %	3.9 %	6 %	0 %	12 %	0 %	7 %	0 %	4.9 %	3 %	3 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	43 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	5.9 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	7 %			8 %	7 %	8 %	10 %	8 %	5 %	33 %	6 %	28 %	12 %	26 %		3 %	6 %
Sand	40 %			41 %	40 %	41 %	34 %	41 %	23 %	21 %	33 %	51 %	41 %	46 %		37 %	67 %
Silt	37 %			25 %	37 %	25 %	43 %	25 %	35 %	36 %	28 %	31 %	34 %	34 %		34 %	10 %
Clay	23 %			34 %	23 %	34 %	23 %	34 %	42 %	43 %	39 %	18 %	25 %	20 %		29 %	23 %
USDA Texture	Loam			Clay loam	Loam	Clay loam	Loam	Clay loam	Clay	Clay	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam		Clay loam	Sandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³			1.33 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³		1.35 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.36 g/cm³			1.51 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³		1.51 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.36 %			0.4 %	0.36 %	0.4 %	0.43 %	0.4 %	0.39 %	0.5 %	0.38 %	0.4 %	0.37 %	0.6 %		0.36 %	0.3 %
PH	8.2			6.4	8.2	6.4	8.1	6.4	8.1	7.8	9	6.9	7	4.9		6.7	5.2
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	55 cmol kg⁻¹			41 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	58 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	28 cmol kg⁻¹		50 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	15 cmol kg⁻¹			15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹		14 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %			90 %	100 %	90 %	100 %	90 %	100 %	55 %	100 %	89 %	93 %	21 %		93 %	42 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	32.1 cmol kg⁻¹			12 cmol kg⁻¹	32.1 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	44.8 cmol kg⁻¹	11.6 cmol kg⁻¹	55.3 cmol kg⁻¹	10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	1.8 cmol kg⁻¹		13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	14 %			0 %	14 %	0 %	8.7 %	0 %	11.2 %	3 %	3 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %		0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0.3 %			0 %	0.3 %	0 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.5 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	4 %			1 %	4 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	3 %	42 %	2 %	2 %	1 %		1 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.4 dS m-1			0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	14.8 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263