Endla

Location:Estonia
Area:24,977 acres (10,108 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Dfb (Climate: snow; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Sarmatic mixed forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 AB
   
Share42 %33 %10 %8 %7 %60 %40 %
Soil TypeCalcaric CambisolsCalcic LuvisolsCalcaric RegosolsGleyic LuvisolsGleyic CambisolsTerric HistosolsFibric Histosols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumFine
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainageModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellPoorPoorVery poorVery poor
Available Water Capacity50 m50 m50 m50 m50 m150 m150 m
Phase 1PetrocalcicStonyPetrocalcicStonyPetrocalcic  
Phase 2StonyGravellyStonyGravellyStony  
Root ObstacleNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm
Impermeable LayerNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm80 - 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm
Soil Water RegimeWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 monthWet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 monthWet within 40 cm depth for over 11 monthWet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel6 %5 %14 %5 %4 %28 %1 %
Sand36 %53 %44 %47 %45 %35 %20 %
Silt43 %24 %35 %29 %36 %33 %40 %
Clay21 %23 %21 %24 %19 %32 %40 %
USDA TextureLoamSandy clay loamLoamLoamLoamClay loamClay
Reference Bulk Density1.39 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.42 g/cm³1.32 g/cm³1.26 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.41 g/cm³1.53 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.54 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³0.28 g/cm³0.1 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.65 %0.51 %0.75 %0.83 %1 %39.4 %33.63 %
PH87.786.36.45.64.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity52 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹46 cmol kg⁻¹38 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity16 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹17 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹9 cmol kg⁻¹87 cmol kg⁻¹77 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %100 %100 %93 %85 %75 %62 %
Total Exchangeable Bases24.3 cmol kg⁻¹17.1 cmol kg⁻¹26.8 cmol kg⁻¹14.9 cmol kg⁻¹8.2 cmol kg⁻¹59.5 cmol kg⁻¹31.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate7 %7.4 %15 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %1 %2 %2 %2 %1 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.4 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.2 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel10 %10 %18 %6 %18 %5 %2 %
Sand34 %47 %40 %39 %39 %52 %47 %
Silt43 %23 %35 %27 %34 %23 %26 %
Clay23 %30 %25 %34 %27 %25 %27 %
USDA TextureLoamSandy clay loamLoamClay loamClay loamSandy clay loamSandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density1.38 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.33 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.45 g/cm³1.67 g/cm³1.5 g/cm³1.65 g/cm³1.6 g/cm³0.18 g/cm³0.1 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.43 %0.3 %0.47 %0.28 %0.47 %38.46 %32.89 %
PH8.17.98.176.75.84.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity54 cmol kg⁻¹50 cmol kg⁻¹52 cmol kg⁻¹44 cmol kg⁻¹37 cmol kg⁻¹49 cmol kg⁻¹71 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity16 cmol kg⁻¹17 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹88 cmol kg⁻¹78 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %100 %100 %99 %88 %96 %40 %
Total Exchangeable Bases28.7 cmol kg⁻¹23.1 cmol kg⁻¹36.5 cmol kg⁻¹15.9 cmol kg⁻¹11.3 cmol kg⁻¹81.8 cmol kg⁻¹27.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate8.7 %9.1 %15 %0.4 %0.1 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0.4 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %2 %2 %2 %2 %1 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.3 dS m-10.2 dS m-10.3 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263