World Species : Protected Area : Tuhu-Kesu

Tuhu-Kesu

Location:	Estonia
Area:	47,437 acres (19,197 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Dfb (Climate: snow; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Sarmatic mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A	B			C				D				E	F

Share		75 %	20 %	5 %	70 %	20 %	5 %	5 %	85 %	5 %	5 %	5 %
Soil Type	Rendzic Leptosols	Eutric Gleysols	Terric Histosols	Calcaric Regosols	Eutric Gleysols	Gleyic Podzols	Haplic Podzols	Gleyic Podzols	Eutric Gleysols	Gleyic Cambisols	Gleyic Luvisols	Calcaric Regosols	Terric Histosols	Fibric Histosols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine
Reference Depth	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Imperfectly	Poor	Very poor	Moderately well	Poor	Poor	Somewhat excessive	Poor	Poor	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Very poor	Very poor
Available Water Capacity	15 mm	75 m	150 m	50 m	75 m	15 m	15 m	15 m	75 m	50 m	50 m	50 m	150 m	150 m
Phase 1	Petrocalcic	Stony		Petrocalcic	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Petrocalcic	Petrocalcic	Stony	Petrocalcic
Phase 2	Stony	Gravelly		Stony						Stony	Gravelly	Stony
Root Obstacle		None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime		Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	16 %	10 %	28 %	14 %	10 %	2 %	3 %	2 %	4 %	4 %	5 %	14 %	28 %	1 %
Sand	37 %	78 %	35 %	44 %	78 %	86 %	87 %	86 %	37 %	45 %	47 %	44 %	35 %	20 %
Silt	44 %	13 %	33 %	35 %	13 %	10 %	9 %	10 %	40 %	36 %	29 %	35 %	33 %	40 %
Clay	19 %	9 %	32 %	21 %	9 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	23 %	19 %	24 %	21 %	32 %	40 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Sandy loam	Clay loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay loam	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.24 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	0.28 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	0.28 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	2.13 %	0.57 %	39.4 %	0.75 %	0.57 %	1.97 %	2.18 %	1.97 %	1.07 %	1 %	0.83 %	0.75 %	39.4 %	33.63 %
PH	7.5	6.3	5.6	8	6.3	4.4	4.4	4.4	6.2	6.4	6.3	8	5.6	4.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	80 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	46 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	27 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	87 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	87 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	74 %	75 %	100 %	74 %	18 %	11 %	18 %	88 %	85 %	93 %	100 %	75 %	62 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	59.5 cmol kg⁻¹	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹	10.2 cmol kg⁻¹	8.2 cmol kg⁻¹	14.9 cmol kg⁻¹	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹	59.5 cmol kg⁻¹	31.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	6 %	0 %	0 %	15 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	15 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel		20 %	5 %	18 %	20 %	3 %	4 %	3 %	5 %	18 %	6 %	18 %	5 %	2 %
Sand		64 %	52 %	40 %	64 %	85 %	88 %	85 %	36 %	39 %	39 %	40 %	52 %	47 %
Silt		13 %	23 %	35 %	13 %	10 %	8 %	10 %	36 %	34 %	27 %	35 %	23 %	26 %
Clay		23 %	25 %	25 %	23 %	5 %	4 %	5 %	28 %	27 %	34 %	25 %	25 %	27 %
USDA Texture		Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Loamy sand	Sand	Loamy sand	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density		1.43 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density		1.55 g/cm³	0.18 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.65 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	0.18 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³
Organic Carbon		0.3 %	38.46 %	0.47 %	0.3 %	0.91 %	0.39 %	0.91 %	0.37 %	0.47 %	0.28 %	0.47 %	38.46 %	32.89 %
PH		6.4	5.8	8.1	6.4	4.9	5	4.9	6.6	6.7	7	8.1	5.8	4.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity		38 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	71 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity		10 cmol kg⁻¹	88 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	88 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation		81 %	96 %	100 %	81 %	21 %	21 %	21 %	90 %	88 %	99 %	100 %	96 %	40 %
Total Exchangeable Bases		6.9 cmol kg⁻¹	81.8 cmol kg⁻¹	36.5 cmol kg⁻¹	6.9 cmol kg⁻¹	1.7 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	1.7 cmol kg⁻¹	11.9 cmol kg⁻¹	11.3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.9 cmol kg⁻¹	36.5 cmol kg⁻¹	81.8 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate		0 %	0 %	15 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.4 %	15 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium		3 %	1 %	2 %	3 %	3 %	3 %	3 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263