Tuhala

Location:Estonia
Area:465 acres (188 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Köppen climate classification:Dfb (Climate: snow; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Sarmatic mixed forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 AB
   
Share 60 %40 %
Soil TypeCalcaric RegosolsTerric HistosolsFibric Histosols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumFine
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainageModerately wellVery poorVery poor
Available Water Capacity50 m150 m150 m
Phase 1Petrocalcic  
Phase 2Stony  
Root ObstacleNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer80 - 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm
Soil Water RegimeWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 40 cm depth for over 11 monthWet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel14 %28 %1 %
Sand44 %35 %20 %
Silt35 %33 %40 %
Clay21 %32 %40 %
USDA TextureLoamClay loamClay
Reference Bulk Density1.41 g/cm³1.32 g/cm³1.26 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.37 g/cm³0.28 g/cm³0.1 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.75 %39.4 %33.63 %
PH85.64.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity45 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity17 cmol kg⁻¹87 cmol kg⁻¹77 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %75 %62 %
Total Exchangeable Bases26.8 cmol kg⁻¹59.5 cmol kg⁻¹31.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate15 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium2 %1 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.2 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel18 %5 %2 %
Sand40 %52 %47 %
Silt35 %23 %26 %
Clay25 %25 %27 %
USDA TextureLoamSandy clay loamSandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density1.37 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.5 g/cm³0.18 g/cm³0.1 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.47 %38.46 %32.89 %
PH8.15.84.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity52 cmol kg⁻¹49 cmol kg⁻¹71 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity15 cmol kg⁻¹88 cmol kg⁻¹78 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %96 %40 %
Total Exchangeable Bases36.5 cmol kg⁻¹81.8 cmol kg⁻¹27.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate15 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium2 %1 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.3 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263