World Species : Protected Area : Solling

Solling

Location:	Germany
Area:	10,032 acres (4,060 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Western European broadleaf forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A					B			C

Share	60 %	15 %	10 %	10 %	5 %	40 %	30 %	30 %	60 %	20 %	20 %
Soil Type	Calcaric Cambisols	Calcic Gleysols	Calcic Gleysols	Eutric Cambisols	Gleyic Phaeozems	Haplic Luvisols	Eutric Podzoluvisols	Eutric Gleysols	Dystric Cambisols	Cambic Podzols	Gleyic Cambisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Poor	Poor	Well	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor
Available Water Capacity	50 m	75 m	50 m	15 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	75 m	100 m	100 m	100 m
Phase 1	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly				Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer			40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	80 - 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	6 %	4 %	4 %	10 %	3 %	4 %	1 %	4 %	10 %	15 %	4 %
Sand	36 %	41 %	41 %	77 %	35 %	41 %	35 %	37 %	42 %	48 %	45 %
Silt	43 %	40 %	40 %	14 %	42 %	37 %	54 %	40 %	38 %	40 %	36 %
Clay	21 %	19 %	19 %	9 %	23 %	22 %	11 %	23 %	20 %	12 %	19 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Loam	Silt loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.49 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	0.96 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.65 %	1.3 %	1.3 %	0.7 %	1.26 %	0.74 %	1.2 %	1.07 %	1.45 %	3.15 %	1 %
PH	8	7	7	6.9	5.7	6.5	5.4	6.2	5.1	5	6.4
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	52 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	82 %	82 %	91 %	84 %	91 %	55 %	88 %	38 %	10 %	85 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	8.8 cmol kg⁻¹	8.8 cmol kg⁻¹	6.7 cmol kg⁻¹	13.8 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	5.7 cmol kg⁻¹	10.2 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	4.4 cmol kg⁻¹	8.2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	7 %	1 %	1 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	0 %	2 %	2 %	0 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	10 %	5 %	5 %	20 %	5 %	3 %	4 %	5 %	19 %	17 %	18 %
Sand	34 %	44 %	44 %	67 %	29 %	37 %	37 %	36 %	45 %	55 %	39 %
Silt	43 %	37 %	37 %	16 %	38 %	34 %	43 %	36 %	35 %	33 %	34 %
Clay	23 %	19 %	19 %	17 %	33 %	29 %	20 %	28 %	20 %	12 %	27 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Loam	Clay loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.38 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.45 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.61 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.43 %	0.44 %	0.44 %	0.4 %	0.5 %	0.36 %	0.25 %	0.37 %	0.5 %	1.13 %	0.47 %
PH	8.1	7.2	7.2	7.3	6.9	6.7	5.3	6.6	5.2	5.1	6.7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	54 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	62 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	65 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	86 %	86 %	91 %	90 %	93 %	59 %	90 %	33 %	13 %	88 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	9.3 cmol kg⁻¹	22.3 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	4.9 cmol kg⁻¹	11.9 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	0.8 cmol kg⁻¹	11.3 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	8.7 %	1 %	1 %	0.1 %	2.2 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %
Calcium Sulphate	0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	0 %	2 %	2 %	0 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263