World Species : Protected Area : Bentheimer Wald

Bentheimer Wald

Location:	Germany
Area:	1,927 acres (780 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Atlantic mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A			B

Share	50 %	30 %	20 %	35 %	30 %	20 %	5 %	5 %	5 %
Soil Type	Vertic Cambisols	Vertic Cambisols	Eutric Gleysols	Gleyic Podzols	Umbric Gleysols	Cumulic Anthrosols	Dystric Regosols	Umbric Gleysols	Gleyic Podzols
Topsoil Texture	Fine	Fine	Fine	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Moderately well	Very poor	Poor	Poor	Well	Somewhat excessive	Poor	Poor
Available Water Capacity	150 m	100 m	150 m	100 m	150 m	150 m	100 m	150 m	100 m
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	40 - 60 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	80 - 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Misc. Property	Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)	Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	10 %	10 %	19 %	10 %	2 %
Sand	20 %	20 %	17 %	86 %	86 %	90 %	78 %	86 %	86 %
Silt	29 %	29 %	32 %	10 %	9 %	6 %	13 %	9 %	10 %
Clay	51 %	51 %	51 %	4 %	5 %	4 %	9 %	5 %	4 %
USDA Texture	Clay	Clay	Clay	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Sand	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Loamy sand
Reference Bulk Density	1.23 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.43 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.96 %	0.96 %	1.25 %	1.97 %	0.7 %	2.41 %	0.7 %	0.7 %	1.97 %
PH	7.3	7.3	5.8	4.4	5.9	5.9	5.6	5.9	4.4
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	54 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	46 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	36 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	1 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	94 %	94 %	78 %	18 %	74 %	92 %	98 %	74 %	18 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	18.9 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹	4.9 cmol kg⁻¹	1.6 cmol kg⁻¹	4.1 cmol kg⁻¹	4.9 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.3 %	0.3 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	0 %	0 %	3 %	0 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	4 %	4 %	1 %	3 %	8 %	10 %	14 %	8 %	3 %
Sand	18 %	18 %	19 %	85 %	82 %	89 %	77 %	82 %	85 %
Silt	29 %	29 %	29 %	10 %	11 %	6 %	13 %	11 %	10 %
Clay	53 %	53 %	52 %	5 %	7 %	5 %	10 %	7 %	5 %
USDA Texture	Clay	Clay	Clay	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Sand	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Loamy sand
Reference Bulk Density	1.22 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.64 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.64 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.46 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.43 %	0.43 %	0.45 %	0.91 %	0.3 %	0.88 %	0.31 %	0.3 %	0.91 %
PH	7.7	7.7	6	4.9	6.2	5.9	5.3	6.2	4.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	61 cmol kg⁻¹	61 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	35 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	1 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	99 %	99 %	84 %	21 %	81 %	89 %	28 %	81 %	21 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	34.3 cmol kg⁻¹	34.3 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	1.7 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	6.9 cmol kg⁻¹	1 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	1.7 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	4 %	4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	2 %	3 %	3 %	0 %	0 %	3 %	0 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263