Velchevo

Location:Bulgaria
Area:5,709 acres (2,310 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Dfb (Climate: snow; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Rodope montane mixed forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 A
  
Share60 %20 %10 %10 %
Soil TypeHaplic LuvisolsHaplic LuvisolsEutric CambisolsLithic Leptosols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm10 cm
DrainageModerately wellModerately wellImperfectlyImperfectly
Available Water Capacity100 m100 m15 m15 mm
Phase 1StonyStonyStony 
Phase 2  Lithic 
Root Obstacle20 - 40 cm20 - 40 cmNone to 80 cm 
Impermeable LayerNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm 
Soil Water RegimeNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month 
Topsoil Properties
Gravel4 %4 %9 %21 %
Sand41 %41 %42 %42 %
Silt37 %37 %36 %34 %
Clay22 %22 %22 %24 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.43 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.74 %0.74 %1 %1.61 %
PH6.56.56.67.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity47 cmol kg⁻¹47 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity13 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation91 %91 %93 %100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases11 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹15.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %0 %3.9 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %1 %2 %3 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel3 %3 %12 % 
Sand37 %37 %41 % 
Silt34 %34 %34 % 
Clay29 %29 %25 % 
USDA TextureClay loamClay loamLoam 
Reference Bulk Density1.35 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³ 
Bulk Density1.51 g/cm³1.51 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³ 
Organic Carbon0.36 %0.36 %0.37 % 
PH6.76.77 
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity50 cmol kg⁻¹50 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity14 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Base Saturation93 %93 %93 % 
Total Exchangeable Bases13.1 cmol kg⁻¹13.1 cmol kg⁻¹15.1 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %0.1 % 
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 % 
Exchangeable Sodium1 %1 %2 % 
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1 
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263