Dolna Koznitsa

Location:Bulgaria
Area:9,871 acres (3,995 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Balkan mixed forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 AB
   
Share55 %20 %10 %10 %5 %50 %30 %10 %5 %5 %
Soil TypeVertic LuvisolsEutric RegosolsChromic LuvisolsEutric VertisolsEutric PlanosolsCalcaric FluvisolsEutric FluvisolsGleyic PhaeozemsMollic GleysolsTerric Histosols
Topsoil TextureFineMediumMediumFineMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainageModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellPoorPoorPoorPoorPoorPoorVery poor
Available Water Capacity150 m150 m150 m125 m150 m150 m150 m150 m150 m150 m
Root ObstacleNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm 
Impermeable LayerNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm 
Soil Water RegimeNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month 
Misc. PropertyVertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)  Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)      
Topsoil Properties
Gravel4 %25 %12 %4 %4 %15 %4 %3 %4 %28 %
Sand18 %47 %48 %19 %42 %34 %39 %35 %39 %35 %
Silt26 %34 %28 %25 %38 %48 %40 %42 %39 %33 %
Clay56 %19 %24 %56 %20 %18 %21 %23 %22 %32 %
USDA TextureClayLoamLoamClayLoamLoamLoamLoamLoamClay loam
Reference Bulk Density1.21 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.22 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.32 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.35 g/cm³1.21 g/cm³1.53 g/cm³1.56 g/cm³1.47 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.28 g/cm³0.28 g/cm³
Organic Carbon1.25 %0.98 %0.83 %1.05 %1.06 %0.6 %0.86 %1.26 %1.65 %39.4 %
PH6.96.46.36.95.687.25.76.65.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity45 cmol kg⁻¹40 cmol kg⁻¹39 cmol kg⁻¹70 cmol kg⁻¹37 cmol kg⁻¹68 cmol kg⁻¹63 cmol kg⁻¹51 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity29 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹43 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹17 cmol kg⁻¹87 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation96 %78 %88 %100 %67 %100 %91 %84 %87 %75 %
Total Exchangeable Bases25.9 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹10 cmol kg⁻¹40.9 cmol kg⁻¹8.4 cmol kg⁻¹19.8 cmol kg⁻¹16.9 cmol kg⁻¹13.8 cmol kg⁻¹9.8 cmol kg⁻¹59.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate1.6 %0 %0 %0.2 %0 %11.7 %0.5 %0 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0.2 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %1 %1 %1 %3 %3 %2 %2 %2 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.7 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel8 %28 %8 %5 %4 %10 %7 %5 %3 %5 %
Sand18 %51 %41 %18 %33 %36 %41 %29 %37 %52 %
Silt21 %31 %25 %24 %31 %46 %38 %38 %35 %23 %
Clay61 %18 %34 %58 %36 %18 %21 %33 %28 %25 %
USDA TextureClay (heavy)LoamClay loamClayClay loamLoamLoamClay loamClay loamSandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density1.2 g/cm³1.44 g/cm³1.33 g/cm³1.21 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.31 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.32 g/cm³1.45 g/cm³1.51 g/cm³1.6 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.44 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³0.18 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.66 %0.4 %0.4 %0.59 %0.43 %0.4 %0.38 %0.5 %0.69 %38.46 %
PH7.26.96.47.56.38.17.56.97.25.8
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity51 cmol kg⁻¹56 cmol kg⁻¹41 cmol kg⁻¹70 cmol kg⁻¹47 cmol kg⁻¹84 cmol kg⁻¹61 cmol kg⁻¹62 cmol kg⁻¹44 cmol kg⁻¹49 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity30 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹17 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹23 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹88 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation97 %89 %90 %100 %89 %100 %96 %90 %88 %96 %
Total Exchangeable Bases26.6 cmol kg⁻¹10.3 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹44.2 cmol kg⁻¹15.2 cmol kg⁻¹20.7 cmol kg⁻¹15.2 cmol kg⁻¹22.3 cmol kg⁻¹10.7 cmol kg⁻¹81.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate4.7 %0 %0 %0.8 %0 %12.2 %2.5 %2.2 %4 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0.2 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %2 %1 %2 %4 %3 %3 %2 %1 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.5 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263