World Species : Protected Area : Mikre

Mikre

Location:	Bulgaria
Area:	30,609 acres (12,387 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Balkan mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A				B					C

Share	40 %	30 %	25 %	5 %	60 %	20 %	10 %	5 %	5 %	60 %	20 %	10 %	10 %
Soil Type	Eutric Planosols	Dystric Planosols	Chromic Luvisols	Eutric Regosols	Haplic Luvisols	Rendzic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Eutric Regosols	Haplic Luvisols	Haplic Luvisols	Eutric Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	10 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm
Drainage	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	100 m	15 mm	15 mm	15 mm	100 m	100 m	100 m	15 m	15 mm
Phase 1					Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony
Phase 2												Lithic
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm				None to 80 cm	20 - 40 cm	20 - 40 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm				None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month				Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	4 %	4 %	12 %	25 %	4 %	16 %	21 %	21 %	25 %	4 %	4 %	9 %	21 %
Sand	42 %	42 %	48 %	47 %	41 %	37 %	42 %	42 %	47 %	41 %	41 %	42 %	42 %
Silt	38 %	38 %	28 %	34 %	37 %	44 %	34 %	34 %	34 %	37 %	37 %	36 %	34 %
Clay	20 %	20 %	24 %	19 %	22 %	19 %	24 %	24 %	19 %	22 %	22 %	22 %	24 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.47 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.06 %	1.14 %	0.83 %	0.98 %	0.74 %	2.13 %	1.61 %	1.61 %	0.98 %	0.74 %	0.74 %	1 %	1.61 %
PH	5.6	4.5	6.3	6.4	6.5	7.5	7.5	7.5	6.4	6.5	6.5	6.6	7.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	37 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	11 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	67 %	40 %	88 %	78 %	91 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	78 %	91 %	91 %	93 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	8.4 cmol kg⁻¹	2.2 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	6 %	3.9 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	3 %	3 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	4 %	4 %	8 %	28 %	3 %				28 %	3 %	3 %	12 %
Sand	33 %	28 %	41 %	51 %	37 %				51 %	37 %	37 %	41 %
Silt	31 %	29 %	25 %	31 %	34 %				31 %	34 %	34 %	34 %
Clay	36 %	43 %	34 %	18 %	29 %				18 %	29 %	29 %	25 %
USDA Texture	Clay loam	Clay	Clay loam	Loam	Clay loam				Loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.3 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³				1.44 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³				1.45 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.43 %	0.37 %	0.4 %	0.4 %	0.36 %				0.4 %	0.36 %	0.36 %	0.37 %
PH	6.3	4.8	6.4	6.9	6.7				6.9	6.7	6.7	7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	47 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹				56 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	17 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹				11 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	89 %	57 %	90 %	89 %	93 %				89 %	93 %	93 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹	11.4 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹				10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %				0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %				0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	4 %	7 %	1 %	2 %	1 %				2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1				0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263