World Species : Protected Area : Osogovo

Osogovo

Location:	Bulgaria
Area:	59,614 acres (24,125 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Balkan mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A						B				C				D							E					F

Share	50 %	20 %	10 %	10 %	5 %	5 %	40 %	35 %	15 %	10 %	60 %	20 %	15 %	5 %	60 %	15 %	15 %	5 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	85 %	5 %	4 %	3 %	3 %	65 %	15 %	10 %	3 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %
Soil Type	Chromic Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols	Umbric Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Eutric Regosols	Eutric Cambisols	Dystric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Umbric Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Humic Cambisols	Rendzic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Calcaric Regosols	Calcaric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Regosols	Haplic Luvisols	Calcaric Fluvisols	Eutric Vertisols	Umbric Leptosols	Eutric Cambisols	Dystric Cambisols	Dystric Regosols	Eutric Vertisols	Dystric Cambisols	Haplic Luvisols	Chromic Cambisols	Umbric Leptosols	Eutric Cambisols	Dystric Regosols	Gleyic Podzoluvisols	Haplic Podzols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	10 cm	100 cm	30 cm	10 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Somewhat excessive
Available Water Capacity	100 m	100 m	15 mm	15 mm	100 m	100 m	100 m	100 m	15 mm	15 mm	100 m	15 mm	15 mm	15 mm	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	125 m	15 mm	150 m	150 m	150 m	125 m	100 m	150 m	150 m	15 mm	150 m	150 m	150 m	100 m
Phase 1	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony
Root Obstacle	20 - 40 cm	20 - 40 cm			None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm			None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm			None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm			None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month			Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month			Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Misc. Property																					Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)					Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	12 %	12 %	6 %	21 %	25 %	9 %	10 %	9 %	6 %	21 %	8 %	16 %	21 %	21 %	14 %	6 %	9 %	25 %	4 %	15 %	4 %	10 %	9 %	10 %	19 %	4 %	10 %	4 %	10 %	10 %	9 %	19 %	1 %	3 %
Sand	48 %	48 %	49 %	42 %	47 %	42 %	42 %	42 %	49 %	42 %	41 %	37 %	42 %	42 %	44 %	36 %	42 %	47 %	41 %	34 %	19 %	79 %	42 %	42 %	42 %	19 %	75 %	41 %	49 %	79 %	42 %	42 %	32 %	87 %
Silt	28 %	28 %	31 %	34 %	34 %	36 %	38 %	36 %	31 %	34 %	36 %	44 %	34 %	34 %	35 %	43 %	36 %	34 %	37 %	48 %	25 %	13 %	36 %	38 %	37 %	25 %	15 %	37 %	28 %	13 %	36 %	37 %	49 %	9 %
Clay	24 %	24 %	20 %	24 %	19 %	22 %	20 %	22 %	20 %	24 %	23 %	19 %	24 %	24 %	21 %	21 %	22 %	19 %	22 %	18 %	56 %	8 %	22 %	20 %	21 %	56 %	10 %	22 %	23 %	8 %	22 %	21 %	19 %	4 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Loamy sand	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Sandy loam	Loam	Loam	Loamy sand	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loamy sand
Reference Bulk Density	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.62 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.62 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.53 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.49 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.83 %	0.83 %	2.4 %	1.61 %	0.98 %	1 %	1.45 %	1 %	2.4 %	1.61 %	2.72 %	2.13 %	1.61 %	1.61 %	0.75 %	0.65 %	1 %	0.98 %	0.74 %	0.6 %	1.05 %	2.59 %	1 %	1.45 %	1.39 %	1.05 %	0.7 %	0.74 %	0.98 %	2.59 %	1 %	1.39 %	2.22 %	2.18 %
PH	6.3	6.3	5.1	7.5	6.4	6.6	5.1	6.6	5.1	7.5	5.3	7.5	7.5	7.5	8	8	6.6	6.4	6.5	8	6.9	4.7	6.6	5.1	5.1	6.9	5.1	6.5	6.6	4.7	6.6	5.1	5.3	4.4
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	39 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	68 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	88 %	88 %	36 %	100 %	78 %	93 %	38 %	93 %	36 %	100 %	25 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	93 %	78 %	91 %	100 %	100 %	86 %	93 %	38 %	24 %	100 %	28 %	91 %	83 %	86 %	93 %	24 %	55 %	11 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	10 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	19.8 cmol kg⁻¹	40.9 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	40.9 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	11.6 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	5.7 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	6 %	3.9 %	3.9 %	15 %	7 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	11.7 %	0.2 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.2 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.2 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	4 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	4 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	3 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	0 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	5 %	1 %	2 %	0 %	2 %	1 %	0 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.7 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	8 %	8 %			28 %	12 %	19 %	12 %			6 %				18 %	10 %	12 %	28 %	3 %	10 %	5 %		12 %	19 %	26 %	5 %	9 %	3 %	9 %		12 %	26 %	4 %	4 %
Sand	41 %	41 %			51 %	41 %	45 %	41 %			44 %				40 %	34 %	41 %	51 %	37 %	36 %	18 %		41 %	45 %	46 %	18 %	68 %	37 %	47 %		41 %	46 %	25 %	88 %
Silt	25 %	25 %			31 %	34 %	35 %	34 %			32 %				35 %	43 %	34 %	31 %	34 %	46 %	24 %		34 %	35 %	34 %	24 %	17 %	34 %	26 %		34 %	34 %	51 %	8 %
Clay	34 %	34 %			18 %	25 %	20 %	25 %			24 %				25 %	23 %	25 %	18 %	29 %	18 %	58 %		25 %	20 %	20 %	58 %	15 %	29 %	27 %		25 %	20 %	24 %	4 %
USDA Texture	Clay loam	Clay loam			Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam			Loam				Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay loam	Loam	Clay		Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Sandy loam	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam		Loam	Loam	Silt loam	Sand
Reference Bulk Density	1.33 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³			1.44 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³			1.39 g/cm³				1.37 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³		1.38 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³		1.38 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.51 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³			1.45 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³			1.16 g/cm³				1.5 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³		1.39 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³		1.39 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.4 %	0.4 %			0.4 %	0.37 %	0.5 %	0.37 %			1.07 %				0.47 %	0.43 %	0.37 %	0.4 %	0.36 %	0.4 %	0.59 %		0.37 %	0.5 %	0.6 %	0.59 %	0.27 %	0.36 %	0.47 %		0.37 %	0.6 %	0.5 %	0.39 %
PH	6.4	6.4			6.9	7	5.2	7			5.3				8.1	8.1	7	6.9	6.7	8.1	7.5		7	5.2	4.9	7.5	5	6.7	6.7		7	4.9	5.4	5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	41 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹			56 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹			37 cmol kg⁻¹				52 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	84 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹		55 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	28 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹		55 cmol kg⁻¹	28 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹			11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹			14 cmol kg⁻¹				15 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹		15 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹		15 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	90 %	90 %			89 %	93 %	33 %	93 %			30 %				100 %	100 %	93 %	89 %	93 %	100 %	100 %		93 %	33 %	21 %	100 %	36 %	93 %	92 %		93 %	21 %	59 %	21 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹			10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹			2.5 cmol kg⁻¹				36.5 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	20.7 cmol kg⁻¹	44.2 cmol kg⁻¹		15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	1.8 cmol kg⁻¹	44.2 cmol kg⁻¹	1.4 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	11.9 cmol kg⁻¹		15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	1.8 cmol kg⁻¹	4.9 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %			0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.1 %			0 %				15 %	8.7 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	12.2 %	0.8 %		0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0.8 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %		0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %			0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %			0 %				0 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.2 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %			2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %			2 %				2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	2 %		2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	5 %	1 %	1 %		2 %	1 %	0 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1			0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1			0.1 dS m-1				0.3 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.5 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263