Belene Islands Complex

Location:Bulgaria
Area:17,043 acres (6,897 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Balkan mixed forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 A
  
Share50 %30 %10 %5 %5 %
Soil TypeCalcaric FluvisolsEutric FluvisolsGleyic PhaeozemsMollic GleysolsTerric Histosols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainagePoorPoorPoorPoorVery poor
Available Water Capacity150 m150 m150 m150 m150 m
Root ObstacleNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm 
Impermeable LayerNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm 
Soil Water RegimeNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month 
Topsoil Properties
Gravel15 %4 %3 %4 %28 %
Sand34 %39 %35 %39 %35 %
Silt48 %40 %42 %39 %33 %
Clay18 %21 %23 %22 %32 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamLoamLoamClay loam
Reference Bulk Density1.41 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.32 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.39 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.28 g/cm³0.28 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.6 %0.86 %1.26 %1.65 %39.4 %
PH87.25.76.65.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity68 cmol kg⁻¹63 cmol kg⁻¹51 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity14 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹17 cmol kg⁻¹87 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %91 %84 %87 %75 %
Total Exchangeable Bases19.8 cmol kg⁻¹16.9 cmol kg⁻¹13.8 cmol kg⁻¹9.8 cmol kg⁻¹59.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate11.7 %0.5 %0 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0.2 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium3 %2 %2 %2 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.7 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel10 %7 %5 %3 %5 %
Sand36 %41 %29 %37 %52 %
Silt46 %38 %38 %35 %23 %
Clay18 %21 %33 %28 %25 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamClay loamClay loamSandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density1.41 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.31 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.41 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.44 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³0.18 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.4 %0.38 %0.5 %0.69 %38.46 %
PH8.17.56.97.25.8
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity84 cmol kg⁻¹61 cmol kg⁻¹62 cmol kg⁻¹44 cmol kg⁻¹49 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity13 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹23 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹88 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %96 %90 %88 %96 %
Total Exchangeable Bases20.7 cmol kg⁻¹15.2 cmol kg⁻¹22.3 cmol kg⁻¹10.7 cmol kg⁻¹81.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate12.2 %2.5 %2.2 %4 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0.2 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium3 %3 %2 %1 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.5 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263