World Species : Protected Area : Kresna Gordge

Kresna Gordge

Location:	Bulgaria
Area:	58,059 acres (23,496 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Balkan mixed forests
Rodope montane mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A				B					C						D

Share	85 %	5 %	5 %	5 %	55 %	20 %	10 %	10 %	5 %	50 %	20 %	10 %	10 %	5 %	5 %	40 %	35 %	15 %	10 %
Soil Type	Calcaric Fluvisols	Calcic Gleysols	Calcaric Cambisols	Terric Histosols	Vertic Luvisols	Eutric Regosols	Chromic Luvisols	Eutric Vertisols	Eutric Planosols	Chromic Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols	Umbric Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Eutric Regosols	Eutric Cambisols	Dystric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Umbric Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	10 cm
Drainage	Poor	Very poor	Moderately well	Very poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	50 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	125 m	150 m	100 m	100 m	15 mm	15 mm	100 m	100 m	100 m	100 m	15 mm	15 mm
Phase 1		Saline	Concretionary	Saline						Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	20 - 40 cm	20 - 40 cm			None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm			None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month			Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Misc. Property					Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)			Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	15 %	1 %	6 %	28 %	4 %	25 %	12 %	4 %	4 %	12 %	12 %	6 %	21 %	25 %	9 %	10 %	9 %	6 %	21 %
Sand	34 %	22 %	36 %	35 %	18 %	47 %	48 %	19 %	42 %	48 %	48 %	49 %	42 %	47 %	42 %	42 %	42 %	49 %	42 %
Silt	48 %	24 %	43 %	33 %	26 %	34 %	28 %	25 %	38 %	28 %	28 %	31 %	34 %	34 %	36 %	38 %	36 %	31 %	34 %
Clay	18 %	54 %	21 %	32 %	56 %	19 %	24 %	56 %	20 %	24 %	24 %	20 %	24 %	19 %	22 %	20 %	22 %	20 %	24 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Clay	Loam	Clay loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	0.28 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.6 %	1.13 %	0.65 %	39.4 %	1.25 %	0.98 %	0.83 %	1.05 %	1.06 %	0.83 %	0.83 %	2.4 %	1.61 %	0.98 %	1 %	1.45 %	1 %	2.4 %	1.61 %
PH	8	7.5	8	5.6	6.9	6.4	6.3	6.9	5.6	6.3	6.3	5.1	7.5	6.4	6.6	5.1	6.6	5.1	7.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	68 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	14 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	87 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	100 %	75 %	96 %	78 %	88 %	100 %	67 %	88 %	88 %	36 %	100 %	78 %	93 %	38 %	93 %	36 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	19.8 cmol kg⁻¹	27.9 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	59.5 cmol kg⁻¹	25.9 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	40.9 cmol kg⁻¹	8.4 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	11.7 %	4.2 %	7 %	0 %	1.6 %	0 %	0 %	0.2 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %
Calcium Sulphate	0.2 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	3 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	1 %	4 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	4 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.7 dS m-1	1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	10 %	1 %	10 %	5 %	8 %	28 %	8 %	5 %	4 %	8 %	8 %			28 %	12 %	19 %	12 %
Sand	36 %	34 %	34 %	52 %	18 %	51 %	41 %	18 %	33 %	41 %	41 %			51 %	41 %	45 %	41 %
Silt	46 %	22 %	43 %	23 %	21 %	31 %	25 %	24 %	31 %	25 %	25 %			31 %	34 %	35 %	34 %
Clay	18 %	44 %	23 %	25 %	61 %	18 %	34 %	58 %	36 %	34 %	34 %			18 %	25 %	20 %	25 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Clay	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay (heavy)	Loam	Clay loam	Clay	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam			Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³			1.44 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	0.18 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³			1.45 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.4 %	0.36 %	0.43 %	38.46 %	0.66 %	0.4 %	0.4 %	0.59 %	0.43 %	0.4 %	0.4 %			0.4 %	0.37 %	0.5 %	0.37 %
PH	8.1	8.2	8.1	5.8	7.2	6.9	6.4	7.5	6.3	6.4	6.4			6.9	7	5.2	7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	84 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹			56 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	13 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	88 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹			11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	100 %	96 %	97 %	89 %	90 %	100 %	89 %	90 %	90 %			89 %	93 %	33 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	20.7 cmol kg⁻¹	33.6 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	81.8 cmol kg⁻¹	26.6 cmol kg⁻¹	10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	44.2 cmol kg⁻¹	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹			10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	12.2 %	14.6 %	8.7 %	0 %	4.7 %	0 %	0 %	0.8 %	0 %	0 %	0 %			0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.1 %
Calcium Sulphate	0.2 %	0 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %			0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	5 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	4 %	1 %	1 %			2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.5 dS m-1	0.6 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1			0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263