World Species : Protected Area : Rayanovtsi

Rayanovtsi

Location:	Bulgaria
Area:	32,569 acres (13,180 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Balkan mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A				B						C

Share	80 %	10 %	5 %	5 %	50 %	20 %	10 %	10 %	5 %	5 %	85 %	15 %
Soil Type	Eutric Vertisols	Eutric Regosols	Rendzic Leptosols	Calcic Vertisols	Chromic Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols	Umbric Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Eutric Regosols	Eutric Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Rendzic Leptosols
Topsoil Texture	Fine	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	30 cm
Drainage	Poor	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly
Available Water Capacity	125 m	150 m	50 mm	125 m	100 m	100 m	15 mm	15 mm	100 m	100 m	15 mm	15 mm
Phase 1					Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm		None to 80 cm	20 - 40 cm	20 - 40 cm			None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm			None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month			Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Misc. Property	Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)			Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	4 %	25 %	16 %	3 %	12 %	12 %	6 %	21 %	25 %	9 %	21 %	16 %
Sand	19 %	47 %	37 %	17 %	48 %	48 %	49 %	42 %	47 %	42 %	42 %	37 %
Silt	25 %	34 %	44 %	27 %	28 %	28 %	31 %	34 %	34 %	36 %	34 %	44 %
Clay	56 %	19 %	19 %	56 %	24 %	24 %	20 %	24 %	19 %	22 %	24 %	19 %
USDA Texture	Clay	Loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.22 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.56 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.05 %	0.98 %	2.13 %	0.72 %	0.83 %	0.83 %	2.4 %	1.61 %	0.98 %	1 %	1.61 %	2.13 %
PH	6.9	6.4	7.5	7.9	6.3	6.3	5.1	7.5	6.4	6.6	7.5	7.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	70 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	43 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	46 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	78 %	100 %	100 %	88 %	88 %	36 %	100 %	78 %	93 %	100 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	40.9 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	51.7 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.2 %	0 %	6 %	5.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	6 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	4 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	3 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	5 %	28 %		4 %	8 %	8 %			28 %	12 %
Sand	18 %	51 %		17 %	41 %	41 %			51 %	41 %
Silt	24 %	31 %		26 %	25 %	25 %			31 %	34 %
Clay	58 %	18 %		57 %	34 %	34 %			18 %	25 %
USDA Texture	Clay	Loam		Clay	Clay loam	Clay loam			Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.21 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³		1.21 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³			1.44 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.6 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³		1.42 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³			1.45 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.59 %	0.4 %		0.5 %	0.4 %	0.4 %			0.4 %	0.37 %
PH	7.5	6.9		8.1	6.4	6.4			6.9	7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	70 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹		77 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹			56 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	42 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹		46 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹			11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	89 %		100 %	90 %	90 %			89 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	44.2 cmol kg⁻¹	10.3 cmol kg⁻¹		54 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹			10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.8 %	0 %		8.2 %	0 %	0 %			0 %	0.1 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %		0.5 %	0 %	0 %			0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	2 %		3 %	1 %	1 %			2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.5 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1			0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263