Grand Portage National Monument

Location:Minnesota, United States
IUCN Category:V
Area:144 acres (58 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Website:View website
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Dfb (Climate: snow; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)

Ecoregions

Western Great Lakes forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 A
  
Share70 %30 %
Soil TypeOrthic PodzolsLithosols
Topsoil TextureCoarseMedium
Reference Depth100 cm10 cm
DrainageSomewhat excessiveImperfectly
Available Water Capacity50 m15 mm
Phase 1Stony 
Topsoil Properties
Gravel4 %26 %
Sand85 %43 %
Silt11 %34 %
Clay4 %23 %
USDA TextureLoamy sandLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.73 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.36 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon2.09 %1.4 %
PH4.57.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity98 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity10 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation16 %100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases2.5 cmol kg⁻¹15.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %3.9 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %4 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel5 % 
Sand84 % 
Silt11 % 
Clay5 % 
USDA TextureLoamy sand 
Reference Bulk Density1.7 g/cm³ 
Bulk Density1.51 g/cm³ 
Organic Carbon0.59 % 
PH4.8 
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity63 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity4 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Base Saturation23 % 
Total Exchangeable Bases1.6 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Calcium Carbonate0 % 
Calcium Sulphate0 % 
Exchangeable Sodium2 % 
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-1 
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263