Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument

Location:New Mexico, United States
IUCN Category:V
Area:528 acres (214 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Website:View website
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Csb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: warm summer)

Ecoregions

Arizona Mountains forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 A
  
Share40 %20 %20 %10 %10 %
Soil TypeLuvic KastanozemsChromic VertisolsChromic LuvisolsLithosolsChernozems
Topsoil TextureMediumFineMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm10 cm100 cm
DrainageModerately wellPoorModerately wellImperfectlyModerately well
Available Water Capacity100 m125 m150 m15 mm150 m
Phase 1Stony    
Misc. Property Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)   
Topsoil Properties
Gravel8 %4 %9 %26 %4 %
Sand36 %16 %47 %43 %28 %
Silt41 %29 %29 %34 %48 %
Clay23 %55 %24 %23 %24 %
USDA TextureLoamClayLoamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.38 g/cm³1.21 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.2 g/cm³1.65 g/cm³1.54 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.21 g/cm³
Organic Carbon1.27 %0.75 %0.86 %1.4 %1.81 %
PH7.37.96.47.67.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity66 cmol kg⁻¹75 cmol kg⁻¹38 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹65 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity23 cmol kg⁻¹44 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹22 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %100 %89 %100 %100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases18.4 cmol kg⁻¹45.2 cmol kg⁻¹10 cmol kg⁻¹15.6 cmol kg⁻¹24 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate4.5 %2.5 %0 %3.9 %1.4 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium3 %1 %1 %4 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.2 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel5 %5 %8 % 20 %
Sand29 %15 %39 % 29 %
Silt42 %28 %27 % 46 %
Clay29 %57 %34 % 25 %
USDA TextureClay loamClayClay loam Loam
Reference Bulk Density1.33 g/cm³1.21 g/cm³1.33 g/cm³ 1.35 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.18 g/cm³1.76 g/cm³1.52 g/cm³ 1.34 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.57 %0.45 %0.38 % 0.83 %
PH7.98.16.3 7.7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity68 cmol kg⁻¹73 cmol kg⁻¹40 cmol kg⁻¹ 72 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity24 cmol kg⁻¹43 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹ 19 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %100 %93 % 100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases21.1 cmol kg⁻¹47.5 cmol kg⁻¹12.3 cmol kg⁻¹ 21.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate10 %3.9 %0 % 7.8 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 % 0 %
Exchangeable Sodium3 %3 %1 % 1 %
Electrical Conductivity3.6 dS m-10.3 dS m-10.1 dS m-1 0.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263