Caroni Swamp Wildlife Sanctuary
| Location: | Trinidad and Tobago | | Area: | 8,129 acres (3,290 hectares) | | Species: | All Endangered Invasive | | Climate: | View Climate Data | | Köppen climate classification: | Am (Climate: equatorial; Precipitation: monsoonal) |
— Protected Area Boundary | | A | B | | | | | | Share | 50 % | 30 % | 20 % | 50 % | 25 % | 25 % | | Soil Type | Haplic Lixisols | Dystric Cambisols | Eutric Cambisols | Dystric Planosols | Gleyic Cambisols | Thionic Fluvisols | | Topsoil Texture | Medium | Medium | Fine | Medium | Fine | Fine | | Reference Depth | 100 cm | 100 cm | 100 cm | 100 cm | 100 cm | 100 cm | | Drainage | Moderately well | Moderately well | Moderately well | Poor | Poor | Imperfectly | | Available Water Capacity | 150 m | 150 m | 150 m | 150 m | 150 m | 150 m | | Topsoil Properties | | Gravel | 6 % | 4 % | 3 % | 0 % | 0 % | 0 % | | Sand | 57 % | 56 % | 34 % | 69 % | 45 % | 14 % | | Silt | 22 % | 16 % | 18 % | 10 % | 9 % | 23 % | | Clay | 21 % | 28 % | 48 % | 21 % | 46 % | 63 % | | USDA Texture | Sandy clay loam | Sandy clay loam | Clay | Sandy clay loam | Clay | Clay (heavy) | | Reference Bulk Density | 1.43 g/cm³ | 1.38 g/cm³ | 1.26 g/cm³ | 1.45 g/cm³ | 1.29 g/cm³ | 1.18 g/cm³ | | Bulk Density | 1.5 g/cm³ | 1.26 g/cm³ | 1.32 g/cm³ | 1.4 g/cm³ | 1.32 g/cm³ | 1.07 g/cm³ | | Organic Carbon | 1.33 % | 1.86 % | 4.11 % | 0.55 % | 0.83 % | 15.98 % | | PH | 5.9 | 5.6 | 7 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 4.9 | | Clay Cation Exchange Capacity | 6 cmol kg⁻¹ | 3 cmol kg⁻¹ | 2 cmol kg⁻¹ | 6 cmol kg⁻¹ | 17 cmol kg⁻¹ | | | Soil Cation Exchange Capacity | 4 cmol kg⁻¹ | 7 cmol kg⁻¹ | 10 cmol kg⁻¹ | 2 cmol kg⁻¹ | 11 cmol kg⁻¹ | 28 cmol kg⁻¹ | | Base Saturation | 91 % | 51 % | 90 % | 33 % | 72 % | 61 % | | Total Exchangeable Bases | 3.6 cmol kg⁻¹ | 3.6 cmol kg⁻¹ | 9 cmol kg⁻¹ | 0.7 cmol kg⁻¹ | 7.9 cmol kg⁻¹ | 17.1 cmol kg⁻¹ | | Calcium Carbonate | 0 % | 0 % | 0.6 % | 0 % | 0 % | 0 % | | Calcium Sulphate | 0 % | 0 % | 0.1 % | 0 % | 0 % | 0 % | | Exchangeable Sodium | 2 % | 1 % | 1 % | 2 % | 1 % | 23 % | | Electrical Conductivity | 0 dS m-1 | 0 dS m-1 | 0.3 dS m-1 | 0 dS m-1 | 0 dS m-1 | 0 dS m-1 | | Subsoil Properties | | Gravel | 18 % | 6 % | 9 % | 0 % | 0 % | 1 % | | Sand | 45 % | 55 % | 32 % | 52 % | 32 % | 24 % | | Silt | 19 % | 15 % | 14 % | 9 % | 13 % | 27 % | | Clay | 36 % | 30 % | 54 % | 39 % | 55 % | 49 % | | USDA Texture | Clay loam | Sandy clay loam | Clay | Sandy clay | Clay | Clay | | Reference Bulk Density | 1.33 g/cm³ | 1.37 g/cm³ | 1.24 g/cm³ | 1.33 g/cm³ | 1.24 g/cm³ | 1.24 g/cm³ | | Bulk Density | 1.42 g/cm³ | 1.43 g/cm³ | 1.37 g/cm³ | 1.46 g/cm³ | 1.43 g/cm³ | 0.98 g/cm³ | | Organic Carbon | 0.75 % | 0.8 % | 0.65 % | 0.34 % | 0.47 % | 20.07 % | | PH | 5.4 | 5.2 | 7.5 | 4.3 | 5 | 4.8 | | Clay Cation Exchange Capacity | 4 cmol kg⁻¹ | 5 cmol kg⁻¹ | 8 cmol kg⁻¹ | 6 cmol kg⁻¹ | 26 cmol kg⁻¹ | | | Soil Cation Exchange Capacity | 4 cmol kg⁻¹ | 4 cmol kg⁻¹ | 6 cmol kg⁻¹ | 4 cmol kg⁻¹ | 16 cmol kg⁻¹ | 21 cmol kg⁻¹ | | Base Saturation | 76 % | 35 % | 99 % | 39 % | 72 % | 49 % | | Total Exchangeable Bases | 3 cmol kg⁻¹ | 1.4 cmol kg⁻¹ | 5.9 cmol kg⁻¹ | 1.6 cmol kg⁻¹ | 11.5 cmol kg⁻¹ | 10.3 cmol kg⁻¹ | | Calcium Carbonate | 0 % | 0 % | 1.8 % | 0 % | 0 % | 0 % | | Calcium Sulphate | 0 % | 0 % | 0.1 % | 0 % | 0 % | 0 % | | Exchangeable Sodium | 2 % | 2 % | 2 % | 2 % | 2 % | 15 % | | Electrical Conductivity | 0 dS m-1 | 0 dS m-1 | 0.2 dS m-1 | 0 dS m-1 | 0 dS m-1 | 0 dS m-1 |
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