Aenigmatineidae is a family of basal Lepidoptera, moths discovered on Kangaroo Island in South Australia. The family is based on a single species Aenigmatinea glatzella. The larvae feed on conifers by mining the stem of Callitris plants in the cypress family. The adult has highly reduced mouthparts but its position in the Glossata containing the more familiar moths-with-tongues is confirmed by morphological and DNA sequence similarity. The group is best treated as a sister of the family Neopseustidae.