The genus Neacomys, also known as bristly mice because of their spiny fur, includes several species of rodents in the tribe Oryzomyini of family Cricetidae. It is most closely related to Oligoryzomys, Oreoryzomys, and Microryzomys. Neacomys species are mainly found in Amazonia, but N. pictus occurs in Panama and N. tenuipes in montane Colombia. In Amazonia, there is a single large species, N. spinosus, and a number of smaller ones, including N. dubosti, N. guianae, N. paracou, N. minutus, N. musseri, and various others that remain undescribed.