Tympanoctomys is a genus of rodent in the family Octodontidae. There are two species in Tympanoctomys: Tympanoctomys barrerae and Tympanoctomys kirchnerorum. Both species are endemic to central western Argentina, where it has a fragmented range. Its natural habitat is desert scrubland, dunes and salt flats, where it eats halophyte plants. It is a solitary, nocturnal rodent that constructs large mounds with complex burrows.