El Morro National Monument

Location:New Mexico, United States
IUCN Category:V
Area:960 acres (388 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Website:View website
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)

Ecoregions

Arizona Mountains forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 AB
   
Share70 %30 %50 %30 %10 %10 %
Soil TypeLuvic KastanozemsChernozemsLuvic YermosolsHaplic YermosolsCalcaric RegosolsLithosols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm10 cm
DrainageModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellImperfectly
Available Water Capacity150 m150 m100 m150 m150 m15 mm
Phase 1  Stony   
Topsoil Properties
Gravel8 %4 %20 %20 %17 %26 %
Sand36 %28 %50 %41 %43 %43 %
Silt41 %48 %29 %39 %35 %34 %
Clay23 %24 %21 %20 %22 %23 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamLoamLoamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.38 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³1.42 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.2 g/cm³1.21 g/cm³1.5 g/cm³1.51 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon1.27 %1.81 %0.4 %0.41 %0.77 %1.4 %
PH7.37.37.38.387.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity66 cmol kg⁻¹65 cmol kg⁻¹47 cmol kg⁻¹47 cmol kg⁻¹40 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity23 cmol kg⁻¹22 cmol kg⁻¹7 cmol kg⁻¹8 cmol kg⁻¹17 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %100 %100 %100 %100 %100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases18.4 cmol kg⁻¹24 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹18.1 cmol kg⁻¹31.1 cmol kg⁻¹15.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate4.5 %1.4 %0.5 %1.5 %15 %3.9 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0.1 %0.1 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium3 %1 %6 %6 %2 %4 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-11 dS m-10.3 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel5 %20 %27 %27 %18 % 
Sand29 %29 %44 %38 %38 % 
Silt42 %46 %28 %40 %36 % 
Clay29 %25 %28 %22 %26 % 
USDA TextureClay loamLoamClay loamLoamLoam 
Reference Bulk Density1.33 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³ 
Bulk Density1.18 g/cm³1.34 g/cm³1.47 g/cm³1.49 g/cm³1.52 g/cm³ 
Organic Carbon0.57 %0.83 %0.28 %0.22 %0.53 % 
PH7.97.77.38.38.1 
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity68 cmol kg⁻¹72 cmol kg⁻¹58 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹50 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity24 cmol kg⁻¹19 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹9 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Base Saturation100 %100 %100 %100 %100 % 
Total Exchangeable Bases21.1 cmol kg⁻¹21.4 cmol kg⁻¹14.6 cmol kg⁻¹26.8 cmol kg⁻¹41.1 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Calcium Carbonate10 %7.8 %3.8 %4.5 %15 % 
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0.7 %0.7 %0 % 
Exchangeable Sodium3 %1 %4 %5 %1 % 
Electrical Conductivity3.6 dS m-10.1 dS m-19.7 dS m-13.8 dS m-10.3 dS m-1 
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263